2.3 LOW-ALLOY STEELS (AISI GRADES AND PROPRIETARY GRADES)

 

Figure 2.2.1.0. Effect of temperature on the thermal expansion of 1025 steel.

 

174.78991596638662, 6.020535714285714

237.98319327731093, 6.383333333333334

318.65546218487395, 6.705059523809524

416.80672268907557, 7.013095238095238

614.453781512605, 7.471726190476191

817.4789915966385, 7.820833333333334

1011.09243697479, 8.04672619047619

1207.3949579831935, 8.23154761904762

1251.764705882353, 8.238392857142857

1289.4117647058824, 8.286309523809525

1302.8571428571427, 8.293154761904763

1308.235294117647, 8.224702380952381

1310.9243697478992, 8.163095238095238

1331.09243697479, 7.861904761904762

1356.6386554621847, 7.451190476190476

1387.563025210084, 6.951488095238096

1410.4201680672268, 6.527083333333334

1431.9327731092437, 6.239583333333333

1446.7226890756303, 5.972619047619048

1503.1932773109245, 6.164285714285714

1550.2521008403362, 6.342261904761904

1597.310924369748, 6.513392857142857

 

 

Figure 2.3.1.0. Effect of temperature on the physical properties of 4130 and 4340 alloy steels.

198.639455782313, 0.4441624365482184

604.5351473922902, 1.5862944162436463

919.7278911564625, 2.6649746192893318

1175.9637188208617, 3.870558375634502

1278.0045351473923, 4.378172588832484

1305.215419501134, 7.106598984771566

1350.5668934240362, 10.786802030456847

1366.439909297052, 12.753807106598977

1382.312925170068, 14.022842639593904

1395.9183673469383, 13.388324873096444

1407.256235827664, 12.246192893401009

1425.396825396825, 10.786802030456847

1463.9455782312925, 8.058375634517766

1502.4943310657595, 5.774111675126896

1531.9727891156458, 4.060913705583751

1552.3809523809523, 2.3477157360406053

1570.5215419501133, 1.9670050761421223

1595.4648526077094, 2.284263959390856

 

-404.53514739229024, 6.979695431472074

-375.0566893424036, 9.898477157360404

-341.04308390022675, 12.5

-245.80498866213156, 14.974619289340097

-116.5532879818594, 17.829949238578678

76.19047619047626, 20.748730964467004

243.9909297052153, 21.95431472081218

482.0861678004536, 21.890862944162432

738.3219954648526, 20.748730964467004

1001.3605442176871, 19.035532994923855

1200.9070294784578, 17.576142131979694

1407.256235827664, 15.355329949238573

1482.086167800453, 14.784263959390863

1541.043083900227, 15.10152284263959

1602.267573696145, 15.482233502538072

 

-395.46485260770976, 7.170050761421315

-375.0566893424036, 9.390862944162436

-341.04308390022675, 12.055837563451767

-293.4240362811791, 15.038071065989847

-198.18594104308386, 18.401015228426395

-109.7505668934241, 20.748730964467004

21.768707482993136, 23.032994923857867

153.28798185941037, 23.92131979695431

282.53968253968253, 24.555837563451778

414.0589569160999, 24.1751269035533

522.9024943310657, 23.60406091370558

663.4920634920635, 22.90609137055837

770.0680272108845, 22.27157360406091

897.0521541950112, 21.002538071065985

1014.9659863945577, 19.923857868020303

1121.5419501133788, 19.035532994923855

 

-452.1541950113379, 19.162436548223347

-379.59183673469386, 21.510152284263956

-270.7482993197279, 24.682741116751266

-148.2993197278911, 27.855329949238577

-7.709750566893376, 30.901015228426395

137.41496598639458, 33.43908629441624

273.46938775510216, 35.46954314720812

395.9183673469389, 36.61167512690355

575.0566893424037, 38.13451776649746

652.154195011338, 38.515228426395936

865.3061224489794, 39.53045685279188

1044.4444444444443, 40.16497461928934

1180.4988662131518, 40.736040609137056

1284.8072562358275, 41.370558375634516

1302.9478458049884, 41.05329949238579

1298.4126984126983, 39.59390862944163

1314.2857142857142, 37.62690355329949

1348.299319727891, 35.59644670050761

1382.312925170068, 34.07360406091371

1436.7346938775509, 32.67766497461929

1509.2970521541947, 33.3756345177665

1565.9863945578231, 34.58121827411168

1597.732426303855, 35.53299492385787

 

-456.68934240362813, 19.098984771573598

-345.578231292517, 22.664974619289325

-186.8480725623583, 26.840101522842637

-21.315192743764214, 30.67258883248731

157.82312925170072, 33.819796954314725

393.6507936507936, 36.61167512690355

595.4648526077098, 38.19796954314721

643.0839002267572, 38.4010152284264

765.5328798185941, 38.388324873096444

942.4036281179139, 38.07106598984772

1123.8095238095239, 37.5

1250.7936507936506, 36.81472081218274

1305.215419501134, 35.63451776649748

1325.6235827664395, 33.94670050761421

1355.1020408163263, 31.5989847715736

1398.1859410430839, 29.82233502538071

1454.8752834467118, 29.31472081218274

1522.9024943310656, 30.26649746192893

1575.0566893424034, 31.408629441624367

1597.732426303855, 31.789340101522843

1423.12925170068, 29.441624365482234

1491.1564625850342, 29.82233502538071

1377.7777777777778, 30.52030456852792

1336.9614512471653, 32.931472081218274

 

 

Figure 2.3.1.1.1. Effect of temperature on the tensile ultimate strength (Ftu) and tensile yield strength (Fty) of AISI low-alloy steels (all products).

-96, 107.16612377850163

-44.80000000000007, 105.21172638436482

54.40000000000009, 100.97719869706842

99.20000000000005, 98.69706840390882

185.5999999999999, 95.11400651465799

307.20000000000005, 89.90228013029318

438.4000000000001, 85.34201954397395

582.4000000000001, 79.80456026058634

675.2, 75.57003257328992

768, 70.6840390879479

838.4000000000001, 63.84364820846909

905.6000000000001, 54.72312703583063

960.0000000000002, 46.90553745928341

1030.4, 39.08794788273616

1094.4, 31.27035830618894

1171.2, 25.73289902280132

1203.2, 22.801302931596098

 

-89.60000000000002, 105.21172638436482

-22.399999999999977, 101.95439739413683

38.39999999999998, 100.32573289902281

128, 98.69706840390882

243.20000000000005, 97.71986970684041

409.60000000000014, 95.11400651465799

531.2, 90.87947882736158

681.5999999999999, 85.66775244299676

816, 75.89576547231272

928, 65.14657980456028

1001.6000000000001, 57.00325732899026

1097.6, 46.90553745928341

1161.6000000000001, 40.065146579804576

1203.2, 34.85342019543978

 

Figure 2.3.1.1.2. Effect of temperature on the compressive yield strength (Fcy) and the shear ultimate strength (Fsu) of heat-treated AISI low-alloy steels (all products).

87.0026525198939, 99.50576606260297

116.71087533156498, 96.37561779242175

169.7612732095491, 92.58649093904448

231.29973474801065, 89.45634266886327

307.69230769230774, 85.99670510708403

386.2068965517242, 83.85502471169687

473.2095490716182, 82.20757825370676

553.8461538461539, 80.06589785831962

628.1167108753317, 77.1004942339374

691.7771883289125, 74.62932454695223

755.4376657824935, 70.01647446457991

800.0000000000002, 65.07413509060956

842.4403183023874, 60.13179571663921

872.1485411140585, 55.84843492586492

901.8567639257295, 51.56507413509062

 

91.24668435013265, 99.17627677100495

163.395225464191, 97.52883031301484

244.03183023872683, 96.37561779242175

337.40053050397876, 95.88138385502472

432.8912466843502, 94.89291598023064

530.503978779841, 93.73970345963757

623.8726790450929, 90.77429983525536

700.26525198939, 86.65568369028007

753.3156498673742, 81.87808896210873

812.7320954907163, 76.44151565074135

861.5384615384617, 70.84019769357496

910.3448275862072, 66.55683690280067

963.3952254641911, 60.46128500823724

1007.9575596816978, 55.35420098846789

1052.5198938992044, 50.24711696869853

1099.2042440318303, 45.46952224052719

1154.3766578249338, 41.18616144975289

1203.183023872679, 37.232289950576615

 

Figure 2.3.1.1.3. Effect of temperature on the bearing ultimate strength (Fbru) and the bearing yield strength (Fbry) of heat-treated AISI low-alloy steels (all products).

88.54568854568855, 99.83686786296899

189.44658944658943, 96.73735725938009

275.93307593307594, 95.75856443719411

411.8404118404118, 94.29037520391516

502.44530244530233, 93.80097879282218

586.8725868725868, 92.33278955954322

634.2342342342341, 90.70146818923327

714.5431145431145, 85.97063621533441

776.3191763191762, 80.26101141924958

848.3912483912483, 73.24632952691678

924.5817245817245, 65.08972267536703

982.2393822393819, 58.72756933115823

1037.8378378378377, 53.0179445350734

1079.021879021879, 48.61337683523654

1124.3243243243242, 44.53507340946165

1194.3371943371942, 38.33605220228384

 

107.07850707850709, 99.99999999999999

160.6177606177606, 98.36867862969004

238.8674388674388, 97.06362153344207

308.88030888030886, 96.73735725938009

409.7812097812098, 96.41109298531809

492.149292149292, 95.26916802610113

555.9845559845559, 93.63784665579118

634.2342342342341, 88.90701468189232

710.4247104247104, 82.21859706362152

776.3191763191762, 76.50897226753669

852.5096525096525, 68.84176182707992

914.2857142857142, 62.64274061990211

974.002574002574, 56.4437194127243

1031.6602316602316, 50.89722675367046

1091.3770913770911, 45.67699836867862

1140.7979407979408, 41.109298531810765

1198.4555984555982, 38.17292006525284

 

Figure 2.3.1.1.4. Effect of temperature on the tensile and compressive modulus (E and Ec) of AISI low-alloy steels.

-100.63694267515928, 103.05418719211823

-15.031847133757992, 101.47783251231527

107.26114649681529, 99.4088669950739

211.21019108280245, 97.93103448275863

370.19108280254767, 95.56650246305419

458.85350318471325, 93.99014778325123

576.56050955414, 91.13300492610838

657.5796178343949, 88.66995073891626

744.7133757961781, 85.32019704433498

825.7324840764329, 81.9704433497537

888.4076433121018, 78.12807881773399

931.2101910828026, 75.17241379310346

969.4267515923566, 72.51231527093597

1003.0573248407643, 70.04926108374384

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.6(a). Typical tensile stress-strain curves at room temperature for heat-treated AISI 8630 alloy steel (all products)

0.02588996763754048, 0

0.38834951456310673, 11.669367909238218

0.8802588996763755, 26.90437601296594

1.6310679611650487, 48.94651539708266

2.045307443365696, 58.67098865478118

2.6148867313915867, 69.69205834683953

3.546925566343043, 80.06482982171798

4.828478964401294, 88.49270664505671

6.110032362459547, 93.67909238249594

7.624595469255664, 96.92058346839544

8.828478964401295, 99.1896272285251

9.644012944983821, 99.837925445705

10.1747572815534, 100.16207455429496

 

0.02588996763754048, 1.2965964343597989

0.6860841423948222, 20.745542949756867

1.359223300970874, 41.49108589951376

2.045307443365696, 61.58833063209073

2.7184466019417477, 81.68557536466774

3.40453074433657, 102.43111831442462

4.025889967637541, 118.96272285251214

4.233009708737865, 124.14910858995135

4.323624595469256, 125.44570502431117

4.375404530744337, 122.85251215559154

4.56957928802589, 121.8800648298217

4.919093851132686, 122.5283630470016

5.967637540453075, 122.5283630470016

6.83495145631068, 123.1766612641815

7.97411003236246, 123.1766612641815

8.99676375404531, 124.79740680713125

10.18770226537217, 125.1215559157212

 

0.02588996763754048, 0.6482982171798994

0.58252427184466, 17.82820097244732

1.6440129449838192, 48.94651539708266

2.6537216828478964, 78.76823338735818

3.6763754045307455, 108.91410048622366

4.2459546925566345, 125.44570502431117

4.776699029126213, 141.32901134521876

4.996763754045308, 147.8119935170178

5.087378640776699, 150.4051863857374

5.152103559870551, 151.0534846029173

5.242718446601942, 151.0534846029173

5.294498381877022, 149.1085899513776

5.320388349514563, 148.4602917341977

5.592233009708738, 148.78444084278766

8.517799352750812, 149.7568881685575

10.1747572815534, 150.4051863857374

 

0.03883495145631066, 2.269043760129648

0.8025889967637542, 24.311183144246314

1.9935275080906152, 59.31928687196108

3.430420711974111, 102.75526742301457

4.440129449838188, 131.2803889789303

5.165048543689321, 152.99837925445703

6.045307443365697, 177.95786061588328

6.148867313915858, 180.87520259319285

6.3042071197411005, 180.87520259319285

6.899676375404532, 181.8476499189627

7.7799352750809065, 182.4959481361426

8.49190938511327, 182.82009724473255

9.255663430420714, 183.46839546191245

9.721682847896442, 184.11669367909235

10.14886731391586, 184.4408427876823

 

0.03883495145631066, 1.2965964343597989

1.12621359223301, 33.38735818476496

2.9644012944983826, 87.1961102106969

4.466019417475729, 132.57698541329012

5.553398058252427, 164.34359805510533

6.2135922330097095, 182.17179902755265

6.550161812297736, 188.00648298217178

6.951456310679613, 193.51701782820095

7.44336569579288, 195.46191247974065

7.97411003236246, 196.43435980551052

8.45307443365696, 196.11021069692057

9.177993527508093, 196.11021069692057

9.773462783171523, 197.08265802269042

10.122977346278319, 198.70340356564017

10.381877022653724, 199.67585089141002

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.6(b). Typical compressive tangent-modulus curves at room temperature for heat-treated AISI 8630 alloy steel (all products).

5.046403712296984, 76.05633802816902

6.716937354988398, 75.11737089201878

10.754060324825984, 70.10954616588418

13.573085846867746, 65.41471048513301

17.505800464037122, 57.27699530516432

19.976798143851507, 51.017214397496105

21.995359628770302, 46.63536776212831

25.058004640371227, 41.00156494522693

26.48491879350348, 38.81064162754302

27.45939675174014, 37.245696400625974

28.294663573085845, 34.74178403755869

28.81670533642691, 32.23787167449137

28.990719257540604, 26.29107981220656

29.025522041763338, 19.092331768388107

28.990719257540604, 10.328638497652577

28.990719257540604, 0.6259780907668357

 

5.1160092807424595, 118.9358372456964

10.754060324825984, 117.99687010954617

14.895591647331788, 118.05946791862284

17.8538283062645, 117.55868544600939

21.215777262180975, 117.1205007824726

24.153132250580047, 116.74491392801252

26.34570765661253, 116.11893583724569

28.10672853828306, 115.80594679186231

28.81670533642691, 114.36619718309859

29.046403712296993, 108.73239436619724

29.060324825986076, 102.9733959311424

28.990719257540604, 91.07981220657278

29.025522041763338, 71.67449139280126

28.955916473317863, 44.75743348982786

28.990719257540604, 22.535211267605632

28.955916473317863, 0.6259780907668357

 

4.976798143851508, 143.34898278560252

7.0301624129930405, 143.97496087636932

8.700696055684453, 143.66197183098592

10.023201856148491, 143.34898278560252

11.62412993039443, 142.41001564945228

13.85150812064965, 139.59311424100156

15.591647331786543, 137.40219092331768

17.470997679814385, 136.46322378716746

19.1415313225058, 134.585289514867

21.36890951276102, 133.0203442879499

23.63109048723898, 131.7683881064163

25.33642691415313, 131.14241001564943

26.798143851508122, 129.89045383411582

27.66821345707657, 128.95148669796558

28.22505800464037, 128.01251956181534

28.712296983758698, 123.31768388106417

28.921113689095122, 117.99687010954617

29.025522041763338, 110.79812206572771

28.990719257540604, 96.08763693270735

28.990719257540604, 73.2394366197183

28.990719257540604, 52.895148669796555

28.990719257540604, 31.611893583724594

28.990719257540604, 16.58841940532082

28.990719257540604, 0.31298904538340366

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.6(c). Typical tensile stress-strain curves at elevated temperatures for heat-treated AISI 8630 alloy steel, Ftu = 125 ksi (all products).

-0.043269230769230727, 0.189573459715632

0.5480769230769231, 9.478672985781984

1.2692307692307694, 23.317535545023688

2.0048076923076925, 35.45023696682463

2.841346153846154, 44.92890995260662

4.052884615384616, 54.59715639810426

5.177884615384616, 60.663507109004726

6.1875, 66.16113744075828

7.08173076923077, 69.95260663507108

 

-0.014423076923076872, 0.189573459715632

0.28846153846153855, 7.203791469194314

1.2115384615384617, 27.109004739336484

2.1634615384615388, 47.58293838862558

2.7259615384615388, 61.042654028436004

3.259615384615385, 73.17535545023695

3.6634615384615383, 79.62085308056871

4.125000000000001, 83.60189573459715

4.730769230769231, 86.44549763033174

5.596153846153847, 89.28909952606634

6.447115384615385, 91.18483412322274

7.110576923076923, 92.51184834123221

 

-0.028846153846153855, 0.7582938388625564

0.8740384615384615, 22.369668246445485

1.6701923076923078, 43.22274881516587

2.526923076923078, 65.781990521327

3.0836538461538456, 79.92417061611374

3.51923076923077, 89.09952606635069

4.211538461538462, 97.63033175355449

4.961538461538462, 102.33175355450236

5.653846153846154, 105.74407582938387

6.375, 108.32227488151658

7.110576923076923, 110.71090047393363

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.8(a). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched 4130 alloy steel sheet, normalized, longitudinal direction.

3042.436176768997, 85.01730103806227

5822.381671888648, 78.71972318339098

13004.509005128952, 71.45328719723182

26886.248066529384, 66.60899653979237

73412.80397070115, 60.795847750865036

161455.8150261835, 57.16262975778545

447720.223008213, 53.77162629757784

1449018.150486195, 50.86505190311418

3956538.8658322603, 49.411764705882334

11671161.911100658, 47.71626297577855

30898179.077880133, 46.50519031141867

56451807.555169515, 46.2629757785467

 

51452.84530985853, 95.91695501730102

85681.27214899464, 88.1660899653979

161455.8150261835, 80.65743944636677

308981.7907788013, 75.32871972318338

856812.7214899465, 67.57785467128026

1943527.1149298265, 63.21799307958476

2647395.290480231, 62.24913494809688

 

49121.90125853841, 105.12110726643597

100000, 94.22145328719722

158979.92284504737, 87.92387543252593

260679.80205769176, 82.59515570934255

447720.223008213, 77.99307958477507

700870.1824056893, 74.35986159169548

870156.3933188888, 73.14878892733563

 

49886.90685844118, 117.47404844290655

70087.01824056878, 111.41868512110725

103138.976837872, 104.15224913494808

161455.8150261835, 98.33910034602074

252746.15867817219, 93.25259515570933

377729.76464674546, 89.13494809688581

476269.0378027984, 87.19723183391002

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.8(b). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 1.5, 4130 alloy steel sheet, normalized, longitudinal direction.

51837.41116717182, 54.82200647249191

75395.7183410022, 51.197411003236255

126656.73409901882, 46.89320388349515

249313.5785303174, 42.815533980582515

527415.2594411325, 39.87055016181229

1023322.4823075524, 38.05825242718447

2164807.451241766, 36.01941747572816

4261249.086655264, 35.566343042071196

5366140.970934863, 35.33980582524272

 

58170.913293743455, 62.97734627831716

99139.17639001092, 57.54045307443366

150564.34968579636, 54.82200647249191

323137.03328912426, 50.74433656957929

703572.9539980981, 48.02588996763755

1199081.1084129987, 46.44012944983818

1509988.7691333, 45.98705501618123

 

50364.863305262596, 72.94498381877023

97720.9059010447, 67.05501618122977

189603.91875267937, 62.52427184466019

401101.29817032506, 58.89967637540454

778240.6154409961, 56.407766990291265

2043562.78390547, 54.59546925566343

 

44881.26418696099, 83.36569579288026

89627.34892746934, 77.02265372168286

184217.83100480813, 72.03883495145632

497876.2407896835, 67.96116504854369

1165018.7530080378, 65.24271844660194

2887857.2359115966, 63.43042071197411

5444022.3547445275, 62.297734627831716

9014542.271745011, 62.297734627831716

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.8(c). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 2.0, 4130 alloy steel sheet, normalized, longitudinal direction.

999.999999999999, 81.75824175824175

1754.6893663151511, 75.16483516483517

5479.055992908583, 63.516483516483504

15075.307458386162, 54.06593406593407

69776.92774835542, 42.85714285714286

208882.6266028285, 36.043956043956044

582864.7155718565, 30.32967032967032

1744850.5784296226, 26.37362637362638

 

11541.734034012376, 65.05494505494505

47072.977850357005, 54.5054945054945

144934.62833726415, 46.5934065934066

446244.2668921057, 40.65934065934066

876219.5576437421, 37.58241758241758

 

1441.2195967188518, 94.94505494505495

4314.402261443776, 83.2967032967033

15947.264691922426, 71.2087912087912

68802.91485067275, 60.879120879120876

184059.08764416497, 54.72527472527473

452561.55261195055, 49.67032967032968

1672796.9325871363, 43.956043956043956

 

9347.510694338735, 85.05494505494505

15505.157798326221, 80.57142857142856

35536.246249491305, 74.24175824175825

87375.9561807772, 68.35164835164835

203091.76209047346, 63.296703296703285

356362.9553263607, 60.21978021978022

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.8(d). Best-fit S/N curves diagram for notched, Kt = 4.0, 4130 alloy steel sheet, normalized, longitudinal direction.

7765.571279458927, 47.19242902208202

13947.895037913797, 41.6403785488959

28618.535042609117, 35.83596214511041

70747.48123832475, 29.652996845425868

170299.69604826678, 24.4794952681388

587200.1085172679, 18.67507886435331

1340193.8789527551, 15.772870662460576

3494238.9556667926, 12.996845425867505

 

9481.53413069278, 51.987381703470035

17961.19633182432, 46.30914826498423

58720.01085172679, 37.72870662460568

161470.23805282463, 31.671924290220815

527889.8997330725, 26.119873817034694

1725814.9216887127, 22.082018927444793

 

7765.571279458927, 60.94637223974763

18201.853180088823, 53.123028391167196

70747.48123832475, 43.65930599369085

216401.42467144027, 37.72870662460568

619309.1755230151, 33.4384858044164

1237330.0178969835, 31.041009463722396

 

4499.654732304833, 73.94321766561514

9356.173482080305, 66.62460567823344

17961.19633182432, 60.820189274447955

40993.66644083609, 54.889589905362776

130498.92568456907, 48.07570977917981

305065.47733256023, 44.39116719242901

556755.7870452986, 42.14511041009464

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.8(e). Best-fit S/N curves diagram for notched, Kt = 5.0, 4130 alloy steel sheet, normalized, longitudinal direction.

2513.3114247808926, 51.532385466034754

4893.900918477489, 44.67614533965245

9262.93824085939, 38.48341232227487

21687.370383932248, 32.29067930489731

69363.82037701369, 25.213270142180093

162401.91013313681, 20.56872037914691

351209.70029041264, 17.56082148499209

963807.1588636825, 14.154818325434434

 

1974.9972828101618, 59.494470774091624

4431.509902877084, 51.09004739336493

9003.958767521235, 45.339652448657176

23950.26619987481, 37.37756714060032

67424.49991488193, 31.184834123222743

174332.88221999837, 26.540284360189574

463720.3528320729, 22.55924170616113

 

1487.3521072935087, 69.88941548183254

3633.6645135679382, 59.494470774091624

10229.44841786567, 50.20537124802527

30478.258471849793, 42.68562401263823

70354.29903964551, 37.37756714060032

147057.67137293145, 34.723538704581344

320743.3312361256, 31.184834123222743

 

1168.783279908393, 79.84202211690364

2736.4789908789003, 69.66824644549763

8629.002426877085, 58.38862559241707

23280.64850779175, 51.31121642969984

68387.28610718403, 45.781990521327

179347.1919462619, 41.57977883096365

391169.09206871386, 38.704581358609786

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.8(f). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched 4130 alloy steel sheet, Ftu = 180 ksi, longitudinal direction.

2585.2348395621884, 145.28180354267312

6978.305848598649, 126.34460547504025

23374.912831534857, 107.18196457326893

113828.23452540307, 86.21578099838969

409732.10981354135, 72.01288244766506

1474857.2927641221, 61.191626409017715

 

3758.3740428844353, 164.8953301127214

6978.305848598649, 153.39774557165862

19667.53809283335, 137.3913043478261

48696.75251658631, 124.99194847020934

137246.09610075597, 112.14170692431563

307255.7365267439, 104.02576489533011

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.8(g). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 2.0, 4130 alloy steel sheet, Ftu = 180 ksi, longitudinal direction.

2449.5283051969877, 95.424

4411.632252907238, 82.43200000000002

6950.949523044826, 74.59200000000001

14119.710227381698, 65.40800000000002

31496.17680525084, 56.000000000000014

83595.6169996308, 48.384000000000015

181552.05180401378, 44.128000000000014

444716.8897605225, 39.872000000000014

915529.7767040449, 37.63200000000002

 

1415.7521315079157, 135.744

2384.8883955974343, 122.08000000000001

4780.160828676454, 108.864

9581.13494543154, 97.66400000000002

18697.21850661848, 89.6

63979.300710806456, 79.744

213151.09722975682, 73.47200000000001

558220.8317267249, 70.33600000000001

891370.1203831551, 68.992

 

Figure 2.3.1.2.8(h). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 4.0, 4130 alloy steel sheet, Ftu = 180 ksi, longitudinal direction.

985.9215616365713, 84.97622820919175

2697.953640072996, 68.5578446909667

6780.797707124664, 55.467511885895405

13973.982564497766, 46.59270998415214

52237.248782886796, 34.833597464342304

200888.77247300782, 25.958795562599036

890240.5845909554, 18.193343898573687

 

2275.8459260747863, 104.94453248811409

4187.175674570788, 95.84786053882723

9665.441016335195, 86.30744849445324

23280.64850779175, 78.09825673534071

67424.49991488208, 70.33280507131536

174332.88221999872, 64.78605388272582

457191.89442686044, 61.01426307448493

806127.878818039, 58.79556259904912

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.6(a). Typical tensile stress-strain curves at room temperature for heat[1]treated AISI 4340 alloy steel (all products).

0.01416765053128688, 0.31298904538340366

1.0200708382526567, 30.359937402190923

2.6493506493506493, 77.62128325508607

3.825265643447462, 111.73708920187792

4.391971664698938, 129.26447574334895

4.47697756788666, 131.14241001564943

4.561983471074381, 131.76838810641627

4.6186540731995285, 131.76838810641627

4.632821723730816, 127.6995305164319

4.902007083825267, 127.0735524256651

5.426210153482882, 127.6995305164319

6.177095631641087, 127.6995305164319

7.31050767414404, 127.0735524256651

8.35891381345927, 127.0735524256651

9.18063754427391, 127.3865414710485

9.988193624557264, 127.0735524256651

 

0.01416765053128688, 0.938967136150211

0.4391971664698938, 13.458528951486699

1.6292798110979931, 48.51330203442879

2.706021251475797, 79.18622848200312

3.3719008264462818, 99.21752738654146

4.06611570247934, 119.2488262910798

4.5194805194805205, 133.95931142410012

5.015348288075562, 147.41784037558685

5.312868949232587, 155.55555555555554

5.596221959858325, 161.18935837245695

6.077922077922079, 169.01408450704224

6.488783943329399, 171.83098591549293

6.842975206611572, 174.0219092331768

7.182998819362457, 173.39593114241

7.39551357733176, 171.51799687010953

7.778040141676506, 171.83098591549293

8.344746162927983, 171.83098591549293

9.13813459268005, 171.51799687010953

10.00236127508855, 171.51799687010953

 

0.02833530106257376, 0.938967136150211

0.5383707201889022, 14.397496087636938

1.7142857142857144, 49.45226917057903

2.706021251475797, 79.81220657276995

3.5702479338842976, 106.10328638497651

4.264462809917356, 126.13458528951486

4.774498229043684, 140.8450704225352

5.142857142857144, 151.17370892018778

5.355371900826448, 157.74647887323943

5.539551357733177, 163.69327073552424

5.978748524203072, 173.0829420970266

6.545454545454547, 180.90766823161186

7.211334120425031, 186.22848200312987

7.834710743801654, 187.79342723004692

8.344746162927983, 187.79342723004692

9.152302243211336, 187.79342723004692

9.704840613931525, 188.41940532081375

10.00236127508855, 188.10641627543035

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.6(b). Typical tensile stress-strain curves at cryogenic and room temperature for AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 260 ksi.

0.02774566473988438, -0.9302325581395507

0.9710982658959538, 26.046511627906966

2.9410404624277455, 85.11627906976747

4.758381502890174, 135.34883720930236

5.812716763005779, 162.79069767441862

6.853179190751445, 184.6511627906977

8.21271676300578, 206.046511627907

9.267052023121387, 219.0697674418605

10.529479768786127, 233.02325581395354

11.653179190751445, 242.32558139534888

12, 244.6511627906977

 

0.02774566473988438, -0.9302325581395507

0.7491329479768786, 20.93023255813955

2.0809248554913293, 60

3.4820809248554907, 100.00000000000003

4.994219653179191, 144.18604651162792

5.895953757225433, 170.23255813953492

7.186127167630057, 199.0697674418605

8.351445086705203, 219.0697674418605

9.849710982658959, 238.13953488372096

10.98728323699422, 248.37209302325584

12, 256.7441860465117

 

0.04161849710982646, -0.9302325581395507

0.9710982658959538, 27.441860465116292

2.8578034682080924, 82.79069767441865

3.9676300578034676, 115.34883720930236

5.146820809248554, 151.16279069767444

6.006936416184971, 176.27906976744188

7.310982658959537, 212.55813953488376

8.517919075144508, 237.67441860465118

9.78034682080925, 259.5348837209303

10.80693641618497, 272.55813953488376

11.972254335260114, 284.6511627906977

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.6(c). Typical compressive stress-strain and compressive tangent-modulus curves at room temperature for AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 260 ksi.

0, 0.46554934823092253

0.9793103448275862, 27.932960893854784

2.344827586206897, 67.69087523277477

4.206896551724139, 121.5083798882682

6.165517241379311, 178.02607076350094

7.17241379310345, 202.8864059590317

7.751724137931037, 215.0837988826816

8.358620689655176, 225.32588454376167

9.1448275862069, 235.00931098696466

9.944827586206898, 243.48230912476726

10.827586206896555, 250.00000000000003

 

2.7862068965517244, 250.46554934823095

3.255172413793104, 244.87895716946

4.331034482758621, 236.96461824953448

5.337931034482761, 229.9813780260708

6.400000000000002, 221.60148975791438

7.227586206896554, 216.94599627560524

8.386206896551727, 209.49720670391065

9.365517241379312, 201.1173184357542

10.193103448275865, 193.66852886405962

10.758620689655174, 182.96089385474863

11.24137931034483, 170.391061452514

11.503448275862072, 158.75232774674117

11.613793103448279, 139.19925512104288

11.64137931034483, -0.4655493482308657

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.6(d). Typical biaxial stress-strain curves at room temperature for AISI 4340 alloy steel (machined thin-wall cylinders, axial direction = longitudinal direction of bar stock), Ftu = 180 ksi. A biaxial ratio, B, denotes the ratio of hoop stresses to axial stresses.

0, 0.4731861198738443

1.2710280373831775, 36.908517350157695

3.2523364485981308, 91.32492113564666

4.747663551401869, 134.85804416403784

5.308411214953272, 151.41955835962145

6.5794392523364476, 157.09779179810724

7.962616822429906, 158.51735015772869

10.429906542056074, 160.88328075709776

13.383177570093457, 160.41009463722395

15.77570093457944, 161.8296529968454

18.50467289719626, 161.8296529968454

20, 163.24921135646684

 

0.03738317757009346, 0

2.2803738317757007, 65.29968454258676

4.299065420560748, 120.66246056782336

5.345794392523365, 152.8391167192429

5.4953271028037385, 158.51735015772869

6.056074766355141, 161.35646687697158

6.803738317757009, 161.8296529968454

8.299065420560748, 162.3028391167192

10.242990654205608, 164.1955835962145

12.000000000000002, 165.14195583596214

13.42056074766355, 165.14195583596214

15.214953271028037, 165.61514195583595

16.67289719626168, 166.08832807570977

18.242990654205606, 166.08832807570977

20.037383177570096, 167.50788643533122

 

0.03738317757009346, 0.9463722397476317

1.1214953271028036, 37.38170347003154

2.594392523364486, 88.01261829652995

3.4392523364485985, 117.35015772870659

4.485981308411215, 154.25867507886434

4.822429906542056, 163.7223974763407

5.4579439252336455, 171.29337539432174

6.280373831775701, 174.60567823343848

7.252336448598131, 175.5520504731861

8.373831775700936, 175.5520504731861

9.831775700934578, 176.97160883280756

11.289719626168225, 177.9179810725552

12.85981308411215, 179.33753943217664

14.616822429906541, 180.7570977917981

16.074766355140188, 182.17665615141954

17.64485981308411, 182.17665615141954

18.95327102803738, 183.12302839116717

20.037383177570096, 183.596214511041

 

0.03738317757009346, 1.419558359621476

0.6728971962616821, 23.65930599369085

1.4579439252336448, 47.79179810725549

2.6542056074766363, 88.95899053627758

3.813084112149533, 131.54574132492112

4.598130841121495, 155.20504731861197

4.934579439252336, 166.08832807570977

5.009345794392523, 172.23974763406937

5.607476635514018, 175.5520504731861

6.242990654205608, 175.5520504731861

7.102803738317757, 173.65930599369085

7.925233644859814, 173.186119873817

8.85981308411215, 173.186119873817

9.794392523364486, 174.60567823343848

10.654205607476635, 175.0788643533123

11.813084112149532, 175.5520504731861

13.345794392523363, 176.97160883280756

15.102803738317757, 178.86435331230282

17.7196261682243, 179.81072555205046

19.36448598130841, 181.2302839116719

20, 181.70347003154572

 

0.03738317757009346, 1.419558359621476

0.5233644859813087, 27.91798107255522

1.5327102803738317, 70.50473186119874

2.3925233644859816, 106.46687697160883

2.990654205607477, 136.7507886435331

3.813084112149533, 160.88328075709776

4.635514018691589, 165.14195583596214

5.869158878504672, 162.77602523659303

7.102803738317757, 162.3028391167192

8.52336448598131, 162.3028391167192

10.467289719626168, 164.66876971608832

13.084112149532709, 166.08832807570977

14.766355140186914, 166.08832807570977

16.897196261682243, 166.56151419558358

18.280373831775698, 166.56151419558358

20.074766355140188, 167.50788643533122

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.6(e). Biaxial yield-stress envelope at room temperature for AISI 4340 alloy steel (machined thin-wall cylinders, axial direction = longitudinal direction of bar stock), Ftu = 180 ksi, Fty measured in the hoop direction.

-0.28811524609843975, 0.1923076923076792

119.85594237695078, 29.999999999999986

 

-0.14405762304921943, 0.1923076923076792

119.85594237695078, 40

 

0.28811524609843886, 0.3846153846153868

119.71188475390156, 60.19230769230768

 

0.8643457382953184, 0.1923076923076792

119.85594237695078, 80.19230769230768

 

-0.28811524609843975, 0

119.56782713085234, 119.8076923076923

 

0, 0.576923076923066

79.51980792316925, 120

 

-0.28811524609843975, 0.3846153846153868

59.78391356542616, 120

 

-0.14405762304921943, 0

39.61584633853541, 120

 

-0.4321728691476592, 0

29.906362545018325, 120

 

-0.15000000000000036, 99.76627712854757

8.849999999999998, 103.1719532554257

17.849999999999998, 106.17696160267111

28.049999999999997, 107.77963272120199

38.699999999999996, 109.18196994991652

49.349999999999994, 109.7829716193656

60.14999999999999, 110.98497495826376

69.89999999999999, 110.98497495826376

80.1, 110.18363939899832

89.69999999999999, 109.38230383973288

97.8, 106.97829716193655

104.85, 100.56761268781301

108.14999999999998, 93.15525876460768

110.24999999999999, 85.54257095158597

110.7, 77.7295492487479

110.39999999999999, 67.71285475792988

109.94999999999997, 56.29382303839732

108.89999999999998, 46.477462437395644

107.84999999999998, 39.065108514190314

106.19999999999999, 27.64607679465776

104.39999999999999, 18.430717863105173

102.44999999999999, 10.417362270450752

99.75, -0.20033388981636335

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.6(f). Typical biaxial stress-strain curves at room temperature for AISI 4340 alloy steel (machined thin-wall cylinders, axial direction = longitudinal direction of bar stock), Ftu = 260 ksi. A biaxial ratio B of zero corresponds to the hoop direction.

-0.05721096543504145, 0.9448818897637352

2.374255065554231, 68.50393700787399

4.862932061978546, 141.73228346456693

6.2932061978545875, 183.7795275590551

7.094159713945173, 205.98425196850394

7.637663885578069, 217.79527559055117

8.495828367103694, 223.93700787401576

9.439809296781881, 227.24409448818898

10.35518474374255, 229.60629921259843

11.585220500595947, 236.2204724409449

12.872467222884385, 242.36220472440945

14.131108462455304, 247.08661417322836

15.933253873659119, 251.81102362204723

17.535160905840282, 254.6456692913386

18.879618593563766, 256.06299212598424

19.70917759237187, 257.00787401574803

 

0, 0

1.6305125148986888, 56.692913385826756

2.8033373063170437, 96.85039370078741

4.061978545887961, 140.31496062992125

5.148986889153754, 174.80314960629923

5.949940405244338, 204.09448818897638

7.008343265792609, 227.71653543307087

7.809296781883194, 240.4724409448819

9.411203814064361, 257.00787401574803

11.3849821215733, 271.18110236220474

13.415971394517282, 279.21259842519686

15.160905840286052, 283.93700787401576

16.619785458879615, 287.7165354330709

17.36352800953516, 290.0787401574803

 

-0.11442193087008334, 1.4173228346456312

1.3730631704410012, 47.24409448818892

2.431466030989273, 86.45669291338581

3.976162097735399, 137.9527559055118

5.206197854588796, 179.05511811023624

6.178784266984506, 209.29133858267716

7.122765196662694, 230.5511811023622

8.753277711561383, 249.4488188976378

9.840286054827175, 257.00787401574803

11.499404052443383, 265.51181102362204

13.358760429082238, 273.54330708661416

14.846245530393325, 275.43307086614175

16.162097735399286, 278.26771653543307

16.7342073897497, 278.26771653543307

 

0.028605482717520836, 2.3622047244094233

1.1442193087008345, 49.133858267716505

2.603098927294398, 111.96850393700785

4.061978545887961, 171.49606299212596

4.576877234803336, 195.59055118110237

4.8915375446960665, 205.98425196850394

5.492252681764005, 219.21259842519686

6.2646007151370675, 233.85826771653544

7.780691299165673, 244.251968503937

9.182359952324195, 250.86614173228347

10.66984505363528, 256.53543307086613

12.500595947556615, 261.25984251968504

13.558998808104885, 263.1496062992126

15.103694874851012, 264.56692913385825

16.762812872467222, 265.98425196850394

18.33611442193087, 266.45669291338584

19.966626936829556, 266.45669291338584

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.6(g). Biaxial yield-stress envelope at room temperature for AISI 4340 alloy steel (machined thin-wall cylinders, axial direction = longitudinal direction of bar stock), Ftu = 260 ksi, Fty measured in the hoop direction.

0.1546391752577323, 0.19966722129782966

120.00000000000001, 29.95008319467553

 

0.3092783505154646, -0.19966722129782966

120.00000000000001, 39.73377703826954

 

0.6185567010309283, 0.39933444259568773

119.8453608247423, 59.900166389351085

 

-0.1546391752577314, 0

120.00000000000001, 79.66722129783693

 

0, 0.39933444259568773

119.8453608247423, 120.19966722129783

 

0, 0

119.8453608247423, 120.19966722129783

 

0, 0

79.7938144329897, 119.99999999999999

 

0, 0.19966722129782966

79.7938144329897, 119.99999999999999

 

0, 0.798668885191347

59.84536082474228, 120.19966722129783

 

0.4639175257731969, 1.597337770382694

39.89690721649485, 119.99999999999999

 

-0.1546391752577314, 0.39933444259568773

30.000000000000007, 120.19966722129783

 

0.1546391752577323, 100.43261231281197

8.041237113402065, 103.22795341098168

23.969072164948454, 106.82196339434276

37.886597938144334, 109.61730449251247

50.412371134020624, 111.414309484193

65.7216494845361, 113.81031613976704

77.319587628866, 114.20965058236271

86.28865979381446, 114.00998336106488

95.10309278350518, 112.21297836938435

100.67010309278352, 110.01663893510815

106.23711340206188, 105.02495840266222

111.1855670103093, 98.63560732113143

113.50515463917527, 90.44925124792013

114.43298969072167, 81.6638935108153

114.43298969072167, 74.87520798668885

113.81443298969074, 68.28618968386023

112.42268041237115, 58.30282861896838

111.34020618556703, 49.317803660565716

109.48453608247425, 39.134775374376034

107.93814432989693, 29.7504159733777

105.46391752577323, 19.767054908485846

103.4536082474227, 10.981697171381029

100.0515463917526, 0.19966722129782966

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(a). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 125 ksi, longitudinal direction.

2901.0717118066605, 75.16295025728988

6910.8309709189363, 70.87478559176671

52480.074602497723, 62.98456260720411

208920.96130854041, 59.03945111492281

1000000, 54.92281303602057

5345640.3593969714, 51.1492281303602

31332850.724315589, 48.23327615780447

118032060.356517274, 46.861063464837045

 

36980.281797802663, 104.73413379073756

139310.568029453036, 97.59862778730701

679200.36326171843, 90.66895368782158

3435570.9478998743, 84.76843910806174

10964780.196143183, 81.50943396226415

50582460.620031148, 77.6329331046312

105681750.092136564, 76.0205831903945

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(b). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 3.3, AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 125 ksi, longitudinal direction.

11065.117854509277, 50.86887835703001

17108.47238817518, 45.49763033175355

51940.57050286529, 34.913112164297004

164481.5599179801, 27.330173775671398

550995.105658541, 21.64296998420221

3148969.818752925, 17.21958925750394

16310009.441894077, 14.691943127962091

 

11870.829696685454, 89.57345971563981

19144.819761699535, 79.46287519747236

34551.072945922184, 69.03633491311217

78082.17326233657, 57.28278041074248

181489.815377727, 48.34123222748815

492388.26317067316, 40.568720379146924

1393407.5009246694, 34.59715639810426

3675560.4124857145, 30.394944707740905

9037409.390017888, 27.582938388625564

17253381.95692643, 26.22432859399683

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(c). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 150 ksi, longitudinal direction.

6029.407775577304, 94.99197431781701

10714.26902316452, 90.33707865168539

19314.907570185267, 85.84269662921348

47769.5402131653, 80.06420545746387

130648.6326773701, 75.56982343499196

352222.00050707936, 71.87800963081862

1112223.9934924543, 68.6677367576244

3412586.31961496, 66.58105939004815

9468466.57595806, 64.97592295345105

19426274.13919109, 63.85232744783306

 

9688.73697469776, 154.86356340288924

15568.96260112171, 148.6035313001605

32404.978327380275, 140.25682182985554

67447.17983472638, 133.83627608346708

228849.81295217862, 124.84751203852326

733108.980044444, 118.58747993579453

2005036.7958097092, 114.89566613162118

5563119.026636753, 111.52487961476724

14783857.415394781, 109.27768860353129

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(d). Best-fit S/N curves for notched AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 150 ksi, longitudinal direction.

22781.15597730753, 64.85225505443236

33672.29575211422, 58.16485225505444

46415.888336127726, 53.34370139968897

69570.35867889383, 48.67807153965786

125017.1796054927, 42.92379471228616

212457.82310305675, 38.88024883359253

381784.4026370508, 35.769828926905134

767093.821642944, 32.81493001555211

1397830.6065792104, 31.415241057542772

2848035.868435799, 29.548989113530325

5802783.448666185, 28.771384136858472

9861418.59328828, 28.149300155521004

 

25471.856891047875, 95.17884914463454

30368.563017964232, 90.6687402799378

39259.01453817643, 84.29237947122863

52627.425025405086, 78.38258164852257

69570.35867889383, 73.28149300155522

101405.28875638683, 67.80715396578539

151991.10829529332, 62.61275272161743

251188.6431509582, 57.69828926905133

457726.5042618825, 53.03265940902023

869749.0026177834, 49.54898911353032

1478076.6957416662, 47.15396578538103

3096770.996935348, 44.97667185069985

6765548.78972787, 43.39035769828927

10140528.875638682, 42.76827371695179

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(e). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched AISI 4340 alloy steel bar at 600EF, Ftu = 150 ksi, longitudinal direction.

5295.736653552696, 84.88114104595877

17348.57482977517, 79.93660855784468

56035.88788200542, 75.37242472266243

163954.7209573975, 71.18858954041202

514821.22270640865, 67.38510301109349

1639547.209573975, 63.9619651347068

6013690.933573488, 60.91917591125197

14235549.412076956, 59.39778129952455

 

4934.595220289585, 135.08716323296355

12360.172728197438, 128.621236133122

60136.90933573488, 118.16164817749603

171052.2669918652, 112.64659270998413

537107.66439191, 106.37083993660855

1423554.9412076955, 101.99683042789223

4345470.538341253, 97.81299524564183

16395472.09573975, 93.05863708399364

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(f). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 3.3, AISI 4340 alloy steel bar at 600EF, Ftu = 150 ksi, longitudinal direction.

2878.1902446687923, 65.15397082658023

5136.790147245584, 58.34683954619125

13751.965681201595, 49.4003241491086

41941.26347923936, 41.81523500810373

135542.49376408226, 35.78606158833064

499014.5486353981, 30.923824959481365

1660067.6487609262, 27.617504051863847

7377760.082683298, 24.894651539708263

15000323.62751326, 24.11669367909238

 

3845.082481652768, 94.7163695299838

6763.767634659991, 84.99189627228526

16600.676487609264, 73.32252836304701

43803.56262962898, 63.59805510534846

124262.3671911503, 55.62398703403565

327886.299562928, 49.4003241491086

1297799.3346475651, 43.565640194489475

4777990.512153957, 39.092382495948144

15000323.62751326, 36.56401944894651

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(g). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched AISI 4340 alloy steel bar at 800EF, Ftu = 150 ksi, longitudinal direction.

5839.534717168558, 84.95238095238093

20722.399852253766, 77.6

66563.87036567375, 71.65714285714284

332377.52072316746, 65.10476190476193

1913504.1966076354, 59.428571428571416

11998031.90190873, 54.85714285714285

 

5438.45946821437, 135.04761904761904

11562.208351099638, 127.8095238095238

61116.11618433144, 113.7142857142857

207814.64199690873, 105.9047619047619

874789.5464560473, 97.14285714285711

3148805.672224152, 91.23809523809523

15723127.5288437, 85.33333333333331

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(h). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 3.3, AISI 4340 alloy steel bar at 800EF, Ftu = 150 ksi, longitudinal direction.

3470.3451520529243, 65.29695024077047

5329.7651717852095, 57.39967897271268

7730.342884461321, 52.58426966292136

10741.276607918458, 48.15409309791333

16262.230941266314, 44.301765650080256

24975.576863014918, 40.449438202247194

42396.42065463881, 37.174959871589095

73005.24071452122, 34.09309791332264

127523.45251468956, 32.35955056179776

216472.99543062478, 31.01123595505618

482202.8952697194, 29.085072231139648

958002.096795536, 27.92937399678972

1930697.7288832457, 27.158908507223117

3781287.957320423, 26.773675762439822

6061898.99349756, 26.581059390048168

 

14924.95545051826, 85.13643659711076

21959.11872707369, 78.3948635634029

43626.61856800294, 70.30497592295345

75123.6010243042, 65.10433386837883

151399.4242479314, 60.481540930979136

272133.87683752977, 57.39967897271268

606189.899349756, 54.317817014446234

1429813.8616176515, 52.58426966292136

3139745.2344877785, 51.043338683788136

7196856.7300114995, 50.46548956661316

12043295.474377235, 50.08025682182986

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(i). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched AISI 4340 alloy steel bar at 1000EF, Ftu = 150 ksi, longitudinal direction.

3042.7857623908462, 68.99199999999999

5700.146235694245, 65.40799999999999

11969.249348971412, 61.15199999999999

45110.23535244478, 54.43199999999999

124215.54819276465, 50.39999999999999

323067.80448449444, 46.591999999999985

876998.3188311951, 43.231999999999985

2006108.412021509, 41.215999999999994

4523913.062017229, 38.75199999999998

12106637.64324623, 36.959999999999994

 

4803.265082574356, 115.58399999999999

7582.3134637483945, 110.43199999999999

17846.331124595123, 102.14399999999998

39112.64843092909, 95.42399999999999

79819.0523881284, 90.49599999999998

185207.25395880296, 84.672

454980.2710068718, 79.29599999999999

928500.0004843624, 75.48799999999999

2093831.6469355184, 71.904

5217616.068673576, 67.87199999999999

10647838.666871475, 65.40799999999999

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(j). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 3.3, AISI 4340 alloy steel bar at 1000EF, Ftu = 150 ksi, longitudinal direction.

1121.5359535371576, 65.11254019292605

2330.088163205194, 56.91318327974276

4840.960141478939, 50.643086816720256

11119.293925828617, 44.855305466237944

25540.118859808903, 40.160771704180036

61241.88757115288, 36.33440514469454

160042.0560301988, 32.958199356913184

469064.8359397062, 30.06430868167203

1519911.0829529301, 27.81350482315112

4454684.352678719, 25.723472668810288

10529698.60047759, 24.919614147909968

 

3634.1136557301566, 75.08038585209002

6541.708051073815, 68.32797427652733

11945.668559016973, 63.18327974276527

26662.622527877087, 56.43086816720257

50827.894177637296, 52.2508038585209

113447.3930571492, 48.07073954983923

239100.4116286646, 45.016077170418

518584.3748264693, 42.122186495176855

1298150.4586906482, 39.54983922829582

3157747.027497033, 37.13826366559485

6751337.023377052, 36.0128617363344

10379807.280992076, 35.53054662379421

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(k). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched AISI 4340 alloy steel bar and die forging, Ftu = 200 ksi, longitudinal direction.

7852.140588698956, 125.22550544323482

12700.435573461851, 115.27216174183513

23246.011519825886, 104.38569206842922

89345.76787220678, 88.21150855365474

221242.59058173146, 80.43545878693621

989069.3191911824, 72.65940902021771

2048593.768159566, 69.86003110419904

7452723.960353875, 67.37169517884914

16762688.53074911, 65.81648522550543

 

8885.612111744364, 184.63452566096421

13791.710692681449, 170.94867807153963

21702.78725177497, 158.81804043545878

39723.30236620186, 146.37636080870917

71714.76702422612, 136.42301710730948

138677.1070594306, 127.09175738724727

338713.83460734965, 117.13841368584758

751441.1743909514, 110.91757387247276

1599769.0087406733, 106.56298600311041

4301813.234270857, 102.83048211508552

9809497.88858919, 100.03110419906687

19231340.022372816, 98.47589424572317

 

45573.377636565405, 200.18662519440124

75766.10130388345, 188.05598755832034

138677.1070594306, 176.23639191290823

275634.8512557172, 165.9720062208398

547852.2939925644, 158.50699844479004

1249276.90453063, 150.7309486780715

2888155.1865141327, 145.44323483670294

6496047.093324133, 141.0886469673406

13454832.067723438, 138.60031104199066

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(l). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 3.3, AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 200 ksi, longitudinal direction.

3779.1625946114846, 84.76190476190477

5776.579592929187, 72.38095238095241

8462.884768519281, 63.365079365079396

12398.412841554644, 55.55555555555557

25147.302180773127, 44.44444444444446

41842.88507901576, 38.41269841269843

86077.45834945685, 32.38095238095241

182155.48808249066, 28.63492063492066

369460.1205199295, 25.968253968253975

1008522.2955939241, 23.492063492063494

2638614.358348489, 22.22222222222223

5992958.6012037555, 21.587301587301624

9971752.684675394, 21.269841269841294

 

5615.465318873678, 114.60317460317461

6942.619144037421, 105.71428571428572

9343.637274239247, 95.23809523809526

13496.499104674911, 84.12698412698414

23101.29700083158, 72.38095238095241

35311.124484422646, 63.49206349206352

68645.0675316642, 54.285714285714306

127902.6689106662, 47.93650793650795

266863.96002964326, 42.53968253968256

580935.2964476997, 38.730158730158735

1416138.2429428387, 36.19047619047623

3757842.509464273, 34.60317460317461

10113791.70227335, 32.69841269841271

 

6377.761942698252, 158.73015873015873

7451.365595364117, 149.33333333333337

11421.931670128766, 128.8888888888889

15113.365289628637, 117.46031746031746

24445.920113733122, 101.65079365079366

39541.35950231544, 89.20634920634922

75789.12264851168, 76.50793650793653

145265.39259467783, 67.30158730158732

266863.96002964326, 61.52380952380952

688395.2069645482, 54.98412698412699

1436309.910970629, 52.06349206349208

3551146.1826595804, 49.52380952380952

9971752.684675394, 47.36507936507937

 

8583.431263862325, 179.6825396825397

10113.79170227337, 169.20634920634922

13120.068966292989, 154.6031746031746

20923.716191379564, 133.96825396825398

28967.863269859266, 122.22222222222223

48199.96057915499, 106.984126984127

79074.12557072849, 95.8095238095238

133446.4808251998, 86.66666666666669

320732.15783666814, 75.68253968253973

804276.5483057612, 68.57142857142856

2134215.7925965805, 63.49206349206352

5743991.111831146, 61.269841269841294

16129344.117075086, 59.047619047619065

 

14282.069916510638, 199.36507936507937

17409.497691252564, 187.61904761904762

26237.28657777988, 166.34920634920636

35311.124484422646, 152.06349206349208

51731.99343159672, 139.6825396825397

69622.85732082809, 129.84126984126988

135347.31086357866, 114.2857142857143

225205.94589063115, 105.07936507936509

463284.388512982, 96.1904761904762

913456.6896796429, 89.52380952380955

1905891.9692578036, 84.44444444444446

5505366.562380085, 80.63492063492063

16359092.714471564, 78.09523809523813

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(m). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched AISI 4340 alloy steel bar and billet, Ftu = 260 ksi, longitudinal direction.

48572.50845491106, 110.0802568218298

88459.72035830855, 103.33868378812195

174825.00538755307, 95.6340288924558

406881.04254707077, 87.60834670947025

921503.611079023, 81.82985553772068

2174092.943838118, 77.01444622792934

5720005.543733233, 73.16211878009625

11000694.861616394, 71.23595505617973

 

10560.114789633968, 204.78330658105932

14251.026703029964, 194.51043338683783

24244.62017082326, 181.34831460674152

42967.105150230185, 167.8651685393258

75117.24389376567, 156.95024077046543

179654.40481599412, 142.82504012841088

459961.93623378756, 130.30497592295342

946959.403302715, 122.92134831460672

2740752.5224610367, 114.25361155698229

9864676.331262289, 106.54895666131617

 

17482.500538755306, 242.34349919743173

33167.29543031267, 220.83467094703045

73097.97152970533, 201.57303370786514

187149.79214677314, 181.0272873194221

556624.2592405219, 163.37078651685388

1444652.2343431322, 151.8138041733547

4475974.194036701, 141.54093097913318

8041284.798014142, 137.3675762439807

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(n). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 2.0, AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 260 ksi, longitudinal direction.

41495.86921348281, 74.91419656786272

83587.45823718893, 65.55382215288611

196420.7422845353, 56.19344773790951

538447.7323787195, 48.70514820592825

1395625.3728747019, 43.7129485179407

3279556.2572713466, 41.21684867394694

8037287.229717931, 38.09672386895474

 

30067.837176099383, 124.83619344773791

53394.17951372668, 110.795631825273

115356.95815377626, 96.7550702028081

455146.12706762, 77.09828393135726

1247691.0389917213, 68.67394695787831

3015218.1230852343, 63.99375975039001

7925501.709616558, 59.62558502340093

 

23367.547743119823, 219.37597503900156

32248.967536617027, 201.591263650546

51919.256804767945, 184.43057722308893

93498.12888309074, 163.21372854914196

188338.52842227824, 144.49297971918878

442573.4952785301, 127.9563182527301

983333.2623922963, 114.85179407176287

1980783.3782343839, 108.61154446177846

4279439.20771246, 101.74726989079562

8037287.229717931, 97.37909516380654

 

Figure 2.3.1.3.8(o). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 3.0, AISI 4340 alloy steel bar, Ftu = 260 ksi, longitudinal direction.

43877.981656357224, 59.44881889763781

87375.9561807772, 53.14960629921262

237054.04745267992, 46.85039370078741

446244.2668921066, 44.881889763779554

1128503.8693563787, 42.5196850393701

2479610.086998526, 41.33858267716539

5525463.855813123, 40.94488188976379

9971924.892402727, 40.55118110236222

 

7786.295672075951, 131.10236220472444

13098.335710739866, 111.41732283464569

23308.87793390704, 95.984251968504

39210.88038229744, 85.66929133858264

80308.5722139152, 75.5905511811024

186664.73197900553, 68.11023622047247

499358.789347316, 63.3858267716536

1672796.9325871395, 60.62992125984252

3727593.7203149456, 58.66141732283464

8306420.625868508, 57.874015748031525

 

5107.174632445176, 225.19685039370083

6218.001087320915, 207.48031496062995

8353.258510806152, 187.40157480314963

11221.761908443068, 173.22834645669295

16401.977616873366, 154.7244094488189

27206.735511761544, 137.40157480314963

45767.97110394703, 123.62204724409452

83767.76400682924, 112.20472440944886

186664.73197900553, 101.18110236220474

404424.6393116175, 94.88188976377953

1210676.417668782, 89.76377952755908

3624253.435186807, 87.40157480314963

 

Figure 2.3.1.4.8(a). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched 300M alloy forging, Ftu = 280 ksi, longitudinal and transverse directions.

83305.38520796318, 104.07284768211923

178814.95846453952, 97.51655629139074

410185.93935313047, 90.23178807947019

1129495.7870941844, 83.31125827814569

2548296.7479793467, 78.57615894039736

6901481.174754691, 73.476821192053

 

535.0142932297118, 239.20529801324503

1022.3871552990245, 218.44370860927154

2019.7074225511897, 199.13907284768212

4869.675251658631, 179.83443708609272

10627.773930104951, 162.71523178807948

29754.845002966216, 145.96026490066225

106867.62401644369, 129.20529801324506

299199.9650497976, 116.45695364238412

796970.6128280156, 108.0794701986755

2590964.952837032, 98.60927152317882

 

1378.5517595949123, 292.01986754966885

2268.659043743009, 271.6225165562914

4633.03290424631, 249.03973509933775

7881.967057046906, 232.64900662251654

18080.54588389682, 211.88741721854305

34551.072945922184, 198.04635761589404

67130.99386829804, 184.9337748344371

153992.6526059492, 171.09271523178808

299199.9650497976, 160.16556291390728

823882.7019654054, 147.05298013245036

1921559.5418694462, 137.58278145695363

 

2590.964952837032, 274.9006622516556

3552.0638942374567, 264.3377483443709

5654.625484563494, 247.58278145695363

8707.707778611333, 236.2913907284768

12757.607330635139, 224.63576158940396

29754.845002966216, 204.23841059602648

77951.93911595247, 186.02649006622516

156571.07682329326, 173.27814569536423

377505.32053243916, 159.80132450331126

823882.7019654054, 150.6953642384106

2506331.2063143007, 139.03973509933775

 

4633.03290424631, 263.97350993377484

7017.038286703822, 250.86092715231788

14570.066651001269, 229.0066225165563

44323.557999664285, 204.96688741721854

159192.67369421577, 179.83443708609272

424037.0906817901, 164.90066225165563

1522973.3635477114, 149.2384105960265

 

Figure 2.3.1.4.8(b). Best-fit S/N curves for unnotched, Kt = 2.0, 300M alloy forged billet, Ftu = 280 ksi, longitudinal direction.

3733.4441105640954, 94.67289719626169

6203.120965258516, 89.37694704049845

14928.517670648715, 82.36760124610592

41780.85797182357, 75.04672897196262

137864.27085680308, 68.34890965732087

436563.7545295461, 63.831775700934585

2296911.2734141066, 58.69158878504673

 

5712.8575740801925, 104.95327102803739

16209.646353373864, 94.20560747663552

57285.577026399544, 84.54828660436138

205246.85902810597, 77.22741433021808

725351.0962522556, 71.46417445482867

2940456.638811464, 67.10280373831777

 

11190.969178727253, 125.04672897196264

25146.454341749068, 115.85669781931466

70378.08177118974, 106.82242990654207

174085.58565321277, 100.12461059190032

598570.9198193592, 92.64797507788163

1629886.3782340833, 87.97507788161994

3976703.7786307842, 84.85981308411215

 

Figure 2.3.1.4.8(c). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 3.0, 300M alloy forging, Ftu = 280 ksi, longitudinal and transverse directions.

122.0794599153283, 205.33003300330031

149.0339453321825, 194.76897689768975

229.62059095950997, 170.67656765676566

439.13623895263925, 145.26402640264024

897.5705447453796, 121.83168316831683

1928.4063636146927, 99.05940594059405

5405.700567067714, 77.27722772277227

12832.262914520074, 63.08580858085807

41777.132558534155, 49.22442244224422

131562.94122130657, 39.65346534653466

394155.7532141572, 31.73267326732673

1730880.7502800964, 26.122112211221122

 

13266.112695652319, 77.93729372937293

28979.698499021255, 64.73597359735973

71118.98659651131, 54.504950495049485

206100.67891228356, 43.943894389438924

659925.0056916097, 36.35313531353137

2803195.7729775524, 30.74257425742576

 

477.19991870304347, 214.24092409240924

711.1898659651131, 193.44884488448844

1502.7796550463781, 159.12541254125412

3020.9560311607684, 133.7128712871287

7171.263292167194, 108.30033003300329

17598.974605374766, 87.83828382838283

46159.37584784668, 72.32673267326732

150277.9655046378, 57.14521452145215

428320.590982742, 48.234323432343245

1283226.2914520074, 40.973597359735976

3365703.173802064, 35.69306930693068

11141185.568691721, 30.74257425742576

 

13266.112695652319, 109.62046204620462

32019.545455863106, 89.8184818481848

79896.37509998197, 74.30693069306929

168825.02515593564, 65.39603960396039

394155.7532141572, 56.155115511551145

 

Figure 2.3.1.4.8(d). Best-fit S/N curves for notched, Kt = 5.0, 300M alloy forged billet, Ftu = 280 ksi, longitudinal direction.

3738.179043932723, 74.87999999999998

5404.538571452927, 67.83999999999999

8752.220016928573, 58.399999999999984

17042.256346444552, 48.79999999999999

34139.0342668957, 39.99999999999999

82228.92838721296, 31.679999999999993

171878.54748294575, 26.079999999999984

497787.89908946445, 20.319999999999993

2767694.9836411797, 14.879999999999981

 

7595.246476901713, 74.72

14581.194511766365, 62.239999999999995

29209.03717032244, 51.83999999999999

65539.40028191458, 41.43999999999999

140933.6755011884, 33.75999999999999

282318.2259136947, 29.11999999999999

699564.2156712634, 23.83999999999999

1709065.1588023915, 19.83999999999999

 

11621.734132239031, 94.55999999999999

16332.557175116395, 86.88

28797.819540864984, 73.27999999999999

51501.82989562188, 62.87999999999999

96107.79662375913, 53.43999999999999

179347.1919462623, 46.23999999999999

431984.3170636331, 38.08

1011407.3569964621, 31.519999999999996